Scala 3 has an optional feature which changes the Type hierarchy when enabled. Its called “Explicit Nulls” and when enabled via the flag -Yexplicit-nulls the language has a different way of working with null values.
“Null” in current scala hierarchy
Scala 3 aka dotty comes with a lot of new types. Union, Intersection , Opaque etc. Let’s understand union and intersection types in detail.
Union types
A union type A | B represents a type that has values of type A or B at a given time. …
Scala 3 aka Dotty has been a topic of discussion in Scala community for almost 4 years now. The announcement of Scala 3.0.0-M3 release is a big milestone in this journey and paves way for a RC1, which is tentatively planned for January 2021.
Observability helps us understand the internals of a software from outside. Every enterprise software which is scalable and resilient to new changes needs to built using the principle of observability. A high quality software with no bugs, eventually with growing usage and complexity will present unknown problems. That is the…
This is a write up about how to design applications that maintain shared state, use concurrent code and are still based on the principles of functional programming. But first lets understand why it is easier said than done
The trouble is that essentially all the interesting applications of concurrency involve…
This post is an attempt to explain a “Kleisli” category in as simple way as possible. Many before have tried and some have succeeded.
A category consists of objects and arrows that go between them. These arrows compose such that if there is an arrow from A to B and…
Variance in Scala is an aspect related to parameterized types. The use of variance in the type system allows us to make intuitive connections between complex types, whereas the lack of variance can restrict the reuse of a class abstraction. We start with an example to understand the theory. …
There is no better way to understand path dependent types and their importance in Scala other than by directly looking at the problem that they help us solve.
Let us implement a very simple Lock/Key using Scala.
We defined a Lock and a Key class. You need a key to…
